Arizona boasts a diverse reptile population, including a fascinating array of non-poisonous snakes. While venomous snakes understandably garner much attention, understanding the harmless species is crucial for responsible coexistence and appreciation of Arizona's natural beauty. This guide will explore common non-venomous snakes found in Arizona, their identification, and behaviors.
What are some common non-poisonous snakes in Arizona?
Arizona is home to many non-venomous snake species. Some of the most common include:
- Great Basin Gophersnake ( Pituophis catenifer deserticola): A large, robust snake often mistaken for a rattlesnake due to its size and tendency to raise its head when threatened. However, it lacks rattles and possesses a blunt, rounded snout. They are constrictors, meaning they kill their prey by squeezing.
- Long-nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei): Easily identified by its long, pointed snout, this slender snake is typically found in arid and semi-arid habitats. They are primarily nocturnal and feed on lizards and other small reptiles.
- Western Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum): A long, slender snake known for its whip-like movements and striking coloration. They are active hunters and feed on a variety of small animals.
- Sonoran Shovel-nosed Snake (Chionactis occipitalis): This snake is adapted for burrowing, with a distinctive shovel-shaped snout. They primarily feed on lizards and other snakes.
- Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus): A small, slender snake easily recognized by its distinctive yellow or orange neck ring. They are primarily nocturnal and feed on insects and other invertebrates.
- Desert Spadesfoot Toad (Not a snake, but often mistaken for one): Although not a snake, the Desert Spadesfoot Toad's appearance can sometimes be confused with a snake, especially when buried in the sand. They are easily distinguished by their toad-like characteristics.
How can I tell the difference between a poisonous and non-poisonous snake in Arizona?
Identifying poisonous and non-poisonous snakes requires careful observation and, ideally, some knowledge of regional herpetology. However, some general guidelines can help:
- Pupil Shape: Pit vipers (poisonous snakes like rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths) have elliptical or cat-like pupils, while non-venomous snakes usually have round pupils. This isn't foolproof, but it's a good starting point.
- Head Shape: Pit vipers often have triangular heads, distinct from the more oval or rounded heads of many non-venomous snakes. However, this can be less reliable in some species.
- Heat-Sensing Pits: Pit vipers possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils, used to detect warm-blooded prey. These pits are absent in non-venomous snakes.
- Rattles: Rattlesnakes are easily identifiable by their rattles. However, juvenile rattlesnakes may have very short or button rattles that are easily missed.
Important Note: Never attempt to handle any snake unless you are absolutely certain of its identification. If you're unsure, err on the side of caution and keep a safe distance.
What should I do if I encounter a non-poisonous snake?
Most non-poisonous snakes pose no threat to humans. If you encounter one, the best course of action is to simply observe it from a safe distance and allow it to continue on its way. Do not attempt to handle or harass it. Appreciate the opportunity to witness Arizona's diverse wildlife!
Are there any non-poisonous snakes that are still dangerous?
While generally harmless, even non-venomous snakes can inflict a painful bite if provoked or cornered. They may bite defensively, causing minor injury. Larger constrictors, like the Great Basin Gophersnake, may deliver a powerful bite, but the danger is primarily from the bite itself, not venom.
What is the best way to prevent snake encounters in my yard?
Reducing the likelihood of snake encounters involves habitat modification. Snakes often seek shelter in rodent burrows, piles of wood, debris, and dense vegetation. By keeping your yard clean and tidy, removing potential hiding places, and sealing gaps in your home's foundation, you can make your property less attractive to snakes.
Where can I learn more about Arizona snakes?
Numerous resources can help you learn more about Arizona snakes, including online databases, field guides, and local herpetological societies. Consulting reputable sources ensures you are receiving accurate and up-to-date information.
This guide provides a general overview of non-poisonous snakes in Arizona. Remember, responsible observation and respecting their natural habitat are essential for coexisting peacefully. Always prioritize safety and seek professional help if you encounter a snake you're unable to identify.
