Missouri is home to a variety of fascinating snakes, and the black rat snake ( Pantherophis spiloides) is a particularly striking and important member of this diverse reptile community. These non-venomous constrictors play a vital role in the ecosystem, but understanding their behavior and habits is key to appreciating their presence. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of black rat snakes in Missouri, answering common questions and dispelling myths.
What do black rat snakes look like in Missouri?
Missouri's black rat snakes are typically black or very dark brown, though juveniles may exhibit a pattern of darker blotches on a lighter background. This pattern fades as they mature. They are relatively large snakes, reaching lengths of 4 to 6 feet, and sometimes even longer. They possess smooth scales and a sleek, muscular body. Their large eyes and relatively slender build help distinguish them from other similar-looking snakes. Distinguishing them from venomous snakes like cottonmouths or copperheads is crucial – black rat snakes have round pupils, unlike the elliptical pupils of venomous pit vipers.
Are black rat snakes venomous?
No, black rat snakes are not venomous. They are constrictors, meaning they kill their prey by squeezing it until it suffocates. They are harmless to humans unless provoked, though a large snake might deliver a painful bite in self-defense. Their bite, however, is not venomous.
Where do black rat snakes live in Missouri?
Black rat snakes are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats throughout Missouri. They prefer areas with access to cover, such as rocky outcrops, forests, and even suburban areas with dense vegetation. They are often found near water sources and are excellent climbers, frequently inhabiting trees, barns, and other structures.
What do black rat snakes eat?
Black rat snakes are primarily nocturnal hunters, feeding on rodents, birds, eggs, and other small animals. Their diet significantly contributes to pest control, making them beneficial to farmers and homeowners. Their ability to climb makes them effective hunters of birds and their nests, and their constricting ability allows them to subdue prey considerably larger than themselves.
What is the best way to identify a black rat snake in Missouri?
Proper identification requires careful observation. Look for the following characteristics:
- Color: Primarily black or dark brown, with juveniles possibly showing a pattern.
- Size: Large, reaching lengths of 4 to 6 feet or more.
- Scales: Smooth scales.
- Pupils: Round pupils (unlike the elliptical pupils of venomous snakes).
- Habitat: Areas with access to cover and potential prey.
If you are unsure, it's always best to err on the side of caution and maintain a safe distance, or contact a local wildlife expert for identification.
Are black rat snakes aggressive?
Black rat snakes are generally not aggressive. They will usually try to escape if confronted. However, like any wild animal, they may bite if they feel threatened or cornered. It is important to give them space and not attempt to handle them.
How can I prevent black rat snakes from entering my home?
While black rat snakes are beneficial, their presence in your home might be undesirable. Prevention strategies include:
- Seal entry points: Inspect your home for gaps and cracks around windows, doors, and foundations, and seal them to prevent entry.
- Remove attractants: Keep your property clean, free of debris, and minimize rodent populations by sealing holes and removing potential food sources.
- Remove cover: Reduce brush piles and tall vegetation near your home, which can serve as hiding places.
What should I do if I find a black rat snake in my house or yard?
If you encounter a black rat snake in your home or yard, the best course of action is usually to leave it alone. Most often, they will leave on their own. If you feel uncomfortable, you can gently encourage it to move away by using a broom or other long-handled tool to guide it toward an exit point. If you are unable to safely remove the snake yourself, contact a local wildlife removal service or animal control.
This information should assist you in better understanding the role of black rat snakes in Missouri's ecosystem. Remember, responsible coexistence is key to appreciating the diversity of wildlife around us.
