The cottonmouth ( Agkistrodon piscivorus) and the rough earth snake (Virginia valeriae) are often confused, largely due to their similar habitats and sometimes overlapping coloration. However, these snakes are distinctly different, exhibiting crucial variations in appearance, behavior, and temperament. This article will delve into the key distinctions, answering frequently asked questions to help you accurately identify these fascinating reptiles.
What is the difference between a cottonmouth and a rough earth snake?
The most significant difference lies in several key features: size, head shape, pupil shape, and overall demeanor. Cottonmouths are significantly larger, reaching lengths of up to 4 feet, while rough earth snakes rarely exceed 2 feet. Cottonmouths possess a broad, triangular head, a characteristic of venomous pit vipers. In contrast, rough earth snakes have a more slender, elongated head. Critically, cottonmouths have elliptical pupils, whereas rough earth snakes have round pupils. Finally, cottonmouths are known for their defensive posture, gaping their mouths to reveal the characteristic white interior (hence the name "cottonmouth"), while rough earth snakes are much less aggressive and typically try to flee when threatened.
How can you tell a cottonmouth from a rough earth snake?
Accurate identification relies on a combination of factors. Observe the snake's size and head shape. A large snake with a broad, triangular head is more likely a cottonmouth. Check the pupil shape. Elliptical pupils strongly suggest a cottonmouth, while round pupils point towards a rough earth snake. Consider the snake's behavior. A snake displaying an aggressive posture, opening its mouth to reveal a white interior, is almost certainly a cottonmouth. Finally, pay attention to overall coloration and pattern. While both can exhibit variations, cottonmouths typically have darker bands and a more robust build. If you are unsure, it is always best to maintain a safe distance and avoid handling the snake.
Are rough earth snakes venomous?
No, rough earth snakes are non-venomous. They are harmless to humans and pose no threat beyond a mild bite if handled improperly. This is in stark contrast to the cottonmouth, a venomous snake capable of inflicting a painful bite.
Where do rough earth snakes live?
Rough earth snakes are found throughout the southeastern United States, inhabiting a variety of habitats including forests, fields, and marshes. Their preference for loose soil allows them to burrow easily, providing protection from predators and harsh weather conditions. This habitat overlap with cottonmouths contributes to the confusion between the two species.
What do rough earth snakes eat?
Rough earth snakes are primarily insectivores, feeding mainly on insects and their larvae. They may occasionally consume other small invertebrates. Their diet contrasts sharply with the cottonmouth's diet, which consists mainly of fish, frogs, and other small vertebrates.
Are cottonmouths aggressive?
Cottonmouths are generally not aggressive but will defend themselves if threatened or cornered. Their defensive posture, involving gaping their mouths to reveal the white lining, is a clear warning sign. While bites are relatively uncommon, it is crucial to maintain a safe distance and avoid unnecessary contact.
Conclusion:
While both the cottonmouth and the rough earth snake share some superficial similarities, particularly in coloration, several key distinguishing characteristics allow for accurate identification. Understanding these differences, especially regarding size, head shape, pupil shape, and behavior, is crucial for safe and responsible interactions with these reptiles. Always prioritize safety and avoid handling snakes unless you are a trained professional. Remember, if in doubt, keep your distance.