Missouri, with its diverse ecosystems ranging from forests and prairies to rivers and swamps, is home to a variety of snake species. While most are harmless, a few pose a significant threat to humans. Understanding which snakes are dangerous and how to react upon encountering them is crucial for safety. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of dangerous snakes in Missouri, offering insights into their identification, habitat, and potential dangers.
What are the most venomous snakes in Missouri?
Missouri has two venomous snake species: the copperhead and the timber rattlesnake. While less common, the cottonmouth (water moccasin) may occasionally be found in the southeastern corner of the state, near the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. These three are the only venomous snakes you need to be truly concerned about encountering in Missouri. Other snakes might bite defensively, but their venom poses little to no threat to humans.
Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)
Copperheads are pit vipers known for their distinctive copper-colored heads and hourglass-shaped markings on their backs. They are relatively common in Missouri, inhabiting a variety of habitats including rocky hillsides, forests, and fields. Their venom is hemotoxic, meaning it affects blood clotting and can cause significant pain, swelling, and tissue damage. While rarely fatal to adults, a copperhead bite requires immediate medical attention.
Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
The timber rattlesnake is the largest venomous snake in Missouri. They are identifiable by their dark brown or black body with lighter crossbands and a characteristic rattle at the end of their tail. They prefer wooded areas and rocky slopes, generally avoiding open fields. Their venom is also hemotoxic and can cause severe pain, swelling, and tissue necrosis (tissue death). As with copperhead bites, prompt medical treatment is essential.
Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus)
As previously mentioned, cottonmouths are less common in Missouri but can be found in the southeastern part of the state, particularly near bodies of water. They are pit vipers characterized by a dark, usually black or dark brown body, and a distinctive white mouth lining which gives them their name. Their venom is hemotoxic and can cause serious effects. A cottonmouth bite requires immediate medical attention.
What should I do if I see a venomous snake in Missouri?
The best course of action when encountering a venomous snake in Missouri is to leave it alone and avoid any contact. Give the snake plenty of space, and slowly back away. Do not try to kill or capture it, as this increases your risk of being bitten. If bitten, seek immediate medical attention. Note the appearance of the snake as best as possible (color, markings, size) to aid medical professionals in determining the type of antivenom needed.
How can I prevent snake bites in Missouri?
Preventing snake bites involves being aware of your surroundings and taking precautions. When hiking or spending time outdoors, wear appropriate footwear (high boots) and clothing that covers your skin. Stick to well-maintained trails and avoid areas with tall grass or brush where snakes are more likely to hide. Never reach into crevices or under rocks where snakes might be. When working outdoors, use caution, particularly when moving debris or picking up objects that might conceal snakes.
Are there any other dangerous snakes in Missouri?
While the copperhead, timber rattlesnake, and cottonmouth are the only venomous snakes of significant concern, other snakes in Missouri might bite if threatened. However, their bites are usually not medically significant and require only basic first aid (cleaning the wound). These species typically pose no serious health risk to humans.
What is the best treatment for a snake bite in Missouri?
If you suspect a venomous snake bite, seek immediate medical attention. Do not attempt to treat the bite yourself. Medical professionals will be able to provide appropriate treatment, potentially including antivenom and other necessary care. Keeping calm and minimizing movement can help to slow the spread of venom.
This guide offers crucial information about dangerous snakes in Missouri, focusing on practical advice for prevention and response. Remember, responsible behavior around wildlife is essential for your safety and the preservation of Missouri's diverse ecosystem. Always prioritize caution and respect for these creatures.
