Pennsylvania, with its diverse landscapes ranging from forests and mountains to wetlands and farmland, harbors a variety of snake species. While most are harmless, several venomous snakes call the state home, demanding respect and caution. This guide explores the deadly snakes found in Pennsylvania, providing crucial information for identification, safety, and what to do in case of a bite.
What are the venomous snakes in Pennsylvania?
Pennsylvania is home to two venomous snake species: the timber rattlesnake ( Crotalus horridus) and the copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix). Both are pit vipers, meaning they possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils, helping them locate warm-blooded prey. While their venom is medically significant and requires immediate attention, fatalities are relatively rare thanks to advancements in antivenom. However, understanding their characteristics and behaviors is vital for prevention.
Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
The timber rattlesnake is the larger of the two venomous snakes in Pennsylvania, often reaching lengths of over 4 feet. It's identifiable by its characteristic rattle at the end of its tail, although young snakes may not have fully developed rattles and can be easily mistaken for other snakes. Their coloration varies, usually exhibiting a pattern of dark brown or black crossbands on a yellowish-brown or grayish background. They prefer rocky, wooded areas and mountainous regions.
Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)
Copperheads are smaller than timber rattlesnakes, generally reaching lengths of 2-3 feet. They are distinguished by their distinctive copper-colored heads (hence the name) and hourglass-shaped, reddish-brown crossbands on a tan or light brown background. These bands are usually well-defined and help distinguish them from other snakes. They inhabit a wider range of habitats than timber rattlesnakes, including forests, fields, and even suburban areas.
How can I identify a venomous snake in Pennsylvania?
Identifying venomous snakes accurately is crucial, but it shouldn't be attempted from a distance. Never try to handle or approach any snake you suspect might be venomous. Relying solely on photographs can be misleading, as lighting and angles can affect visual identification.
Key characteristics to look for (but again, do not approach to observe these closely):
- Triangular Head: Venomous snakes often possess a broad, triangular-shaped head, distinct from the more slender heads of non-venomous snakes.
- Heat-Sensing Pits: Look for small pits located between the eyes and nostrils.
- Vertical Pupils (Elliptical): Pit vipers, including copperheads and timber rattlesnakes, have elliptical pupils, unlike the round pupils of many non-venomous snakes.
- Rattle (Timber Rattlesnakes): The presence of a rattle is a clear indicator of a timber rattlesnake.
What should I do if I encounter a venomous snake?
The best course of action when encountering any snake, venomous or not, is to leave it alone. Give the snake a wide berth and slowly back away. Avoid sudden movements which can startle the snake and potentially lead to a defensive bite.
What should I do if I'm bitten by a venomous snake?
A snakebite is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. Follow these steps:
- Remain Calm: Panic can increase your heart rate, accelerating the spread of venom.
- Remove Jewelry and Tight Clothing: Swelling can occur quickly, so remove any restrictive items.
- Immobilize the Affected Limb: Keep the bitten area still to help prevent the venom from spreading.
- Seek Medical Attention Immediately: Call emergency services (911) and get to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible.
- Do Not: Apply a tourniquet, cut the wound, attempt to suck out the venom, or use any home remedies. These actions can be harmful and are not recommended by medical professionals.
Are there any non-venomous snakes in PA that might be mistaken for venomous ones?
Several non-venomous snakes in Pennsylvania could be mistaken for venomous ones due to similar coloration or body shape. The eastern hognose snake, for example, is a master of mimicry and can flatten its head to resemble a venomous snake. However, it is harmless. Again, avoid handling any snake you are unsure about.
What is the best way to prevent snakebites?
Preventing snakebites involves awareness and caution:
- Be Aware of Your Surroundings: Pay attention to your surroundings, especially in areas known to have snakes.
- Wear Appropriate Footwear: Wear sturdy boots or shoes when hiking or walking in areas where snakes might be present.
- Keep a Safe Distance: Maintain a safe distance from any snake you encounter.
- Avoid Reaching into Places Where Snakes Could Be Hiding: Check under rocks, logs, and other potential hiding places before reaching in.
- Keep Pets on a Leash: Snakes can bite pets as well as humans.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek immediate medical attention if bitten by a snake.
