Identifying venomous coral snakes from harmless king snakes can be crucial for safety. These two species share striking similarities in their coloration, leading to frequent confusion. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to distinguish between these snakes, helping you avoid dangerous encounters.
Understanding the Dangers:
Coral snakes, belonging to the Micrurus genus, are highly venomous. Their bite can cause severe symptoms, including muscle paralysis, respiratory failure, and even death. King snakes, on the other hand, are non-venomous constrictors and pose no threat to humans beyond a potential (though rare) bite if threatened. However, their striking resemblance to coral snakes makes accurate identification essential.
How to Tell a King Snake from a Coral Snake: The "Red on Yellow, Kill a Fellow" Rhyme
The age-old rhyme, "Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, venom lack," is a helpful mnemonic, but it's crucial to understand its limitations and caveats. While generally true in North America, this rule isn't universally applicable across all regions and species. Relying solely on this rhyme can be dangerous.
Why the Rhyme Isn't Foolproof:
- Regional Variations: Coral snake coloration varies geographically. Some coral snakes may exhibit color patterns that don't perfectly fit the rhyme.
- Mimicry: King snakes have evolved to mimic the coloration of coral snakes, a phenomenon known as Batesian mimicry. This protective adaptation makes identification even more challenging.
- Incomplete Patterns: Snake patterns can be disrupted or incomplete, making it difficult to apply the rhyme definitively.
Detailed Differences Between King Snakes and Coral Snakes: Beyond the Rhyme
To accurately distinguish these snakes, look beyond the simple rhyme and pay close attention to the following:
1. Head Shape:
- Coral Snakes: Typically have a small, rounded head that is not distinctly different from their neck.
- King Snakes: Often possess a slightly larger, more triangular head that is clearly distinguished from the neck.
2. Body Shape and Size:
- Coral Snakes: Generally slender and cylindrical in body shape. They are usually smaller than King snakes.
- King Snakes: Can be more robust and thicker than Coral snakes. They also exhibit more variation in size depending on the species.
3. Color Pattern Details:
While the "red on yellow" rhyme is a starting point, closer examination of the color bands is critical.
- Coral Snakes: The red, black, and yellow bands are usually narrow and well-defined, often completely encircling the body.
- King Snakes: The bands may be wider, less distinct, or not fully encircling the body. Their patterns can be more variable.
4. Pupil Shape:
- Coral Snakes: Usually have round pupils.
- King Snakes: May have round or elliptical pupils, depending on the species.
5. Geographic Location:
Knowing the geographic region where you encountered the snake is essential for accurate identification. Different species of king and coral snakes inhabit specific areas. Consult field guides specific to your region.
What to Do If You Encounter a Snake You Suspect is Venomous:
- Maintain a Safe Distance: Do not attempt to handle or approach the snake.
- Observe Carefully: Take note of its characteristics, but from a safe distance. If possible, take a picture (again, from a distance).
- Seek Professional Help: Contact your local wildlife agency, park ranger, or herpetologist for assistance in identifying the snake.
- Medical Attention: If you or someone you know has been bitten by a snake, seek immediate medical attention.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Are there different types of king snakes and coral snakes?
Yes, there are many different species within both the king snake and coral snake genera. The variations in coloration and pattern can be significant, making accurate identification challenging.
Can king snakes be venomous?
No, king snakes are non-venomous constrictors. They subdue their prey by constriction, not venom.
What is Batesian mimicry in snakes?
Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species (the king snake) evolves to resemble a harmful one (the coral snake) to deter predators.
How common are coral snake bites?
Coral snake bites are relatively rare due to their secretive nature and the fact that they are not aggressive snakes. However, their venom is potent, making any bite a serious medical emergency.
What should I do if I find a coral snake in my yard?
If you find a coral snake in your yard, it is best to leave it alone and contact your local wildlife authorities for removal. Do not attempt to handle or relocate the snake yourself.
By combining a cautious approach with careful observation and knowledge of the distinguishing features outlined above, you can confidently differentiate between king snakes and coral snakes and ensure your safety in the wild. Remember, when in doubt, err on the side of caution and keep your distance.
