Alabama boasts a diverse reptile population, and among its slithering inhabitants are several species of king snakes. These non-venomous serpents are known for their striking patterns, docile nature (generally), and significant role in the ecosystem. This guide explores the king snakes found in Alabama, their identification, habitat, and behaviors. Understanding these beautiful creatures helps foster appreciation and responsible coexistence.
What Kinds of King Snakes Live in Alabama?
Alabama is home to several species of king snakes, each with its unique characteristics. The most common include:
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Eastern King Snake ( Lampropeltis getula): This is perhaps the most widespread king snake in Alabama, exhibiting significant variation in its pattern. You'll find them in various colors and patterns, ranging from a classic "chain" pattern to more blotchy variations.
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Speckled King Snake (Lampropeltis getula holbrooki): Often considered a subspecies of the Eastern King Snake, the Speckled King Snake is characterized by its more speckled appearance, less defined bands, and often a lighter ground color.
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Southern Black King Snake (Lampropeltis getula nigra): This is a striking melanistic morph (meaning it's mostly black) of the Eastern King Snake. While it lacks the characteristic banding, close inspection often reveals faint traces of its pattern under the dark coloration.
What Do Alabama King Snakes Eat?
King snakes are constrictors, meaning they subdue their prey by wrapping their bodies around them and squeezing until the prey suffocates. Their diet primarily consists of other snakes, including venomous ones (a crucial role in ecosystem balance!), lizards, rodents, and occasionally eggs. The size of the prey will vary depending on the size of the king snake.
What is the difference between a king snake and a milk snake?
This is a very common question! Milk snakes (Lampropeltis triangulum) and king snakes are very closely related and share similar appearances, leading to frequent confusion. While they both belong to the same genus (Lampropeltis), they differ in their geographic ranges and some subtle pattern variations. The most reliable way to differentiate them is through careful examination of their scalation (scales) and geographic location. A herpetologist or experienced naturalist can be of great assistance in making a positive identification. Attempting identification from pictures alone is often insufficient.
How can I tell if a snake in Alabama is venomous?
Distinguishing venomous snakes from non-venomous ones requires careful observation and caution. Never attempt to handle any snake you are unsure of. Venomous snakes in Alabama include copperheads, cottonmouths (water moccasins), rattlesnakes, and coral snakes. Key features to look for in venomous snakes include:
- Triangular head: Many venomous snakes have a distinctly triangular head shape.
- Vertical pupils: Most venomous snakes in Alabama have vertical pupils, unlike the round pupils of many non-venomous snakes.
- Heat-sensing pits: Some venomous snakes possess heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils.
- Rattles: Rattlesnakes, of course, have the distinctive rattle at the end of their tail.
However, remember that these are guidelines, not absolute rules. Reliable identification often requires expertise.
Are king snakes dangerous to humans?
King snakes are generally considered non-venomous and docile. They are not aggressive and will usually try to flee if confronted. However, like any wild animal, they may bite if they feel threatened or cornered. Their bite is not venomous, but it can cause minor injury similar to a cat scratch. Always observe king snakes from a safe distance and never attempt to handle them without proper training and equipment.
Where can I find King Snakes in Alabama?
King snakes inhabit a variety of habitats across Alabama, including forests, fields, marshes, and even suburban areas. They are adaptable creatures and can be found in a wide range of environments. Specific locations will vary depending on the species and local conditions.
How can I help protect king snakes and their habitats in Alabama?
Protecting king snakes involves preserving their natural habitat. Supporting conservation efforts, advocating for responsible land management practices, and educating others about these beneficial reptiles are all crucial steps in ensuring their survival. Avoid using harmful pesticides and herbicides that could impact their prey base. Remember, King snakes play an important role in controlling rodent and snake populations, contributing to a healthy ecosystem.
This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding king snakes in Alabama. Always remember to prioritize safety and respect for wildlife. If you encounter a snake you are unsure about, it's always best to leave it alone and contact a local wildlife expert for identification.
