Missouri boasts a diverse reptile population, and while some snakes may appear intimidating, the vast majority are harmless. Understanding the common non-venomous snakes found in the Show-Me State is crucial for responsible coexistence and dispelling common fears. This guide will help you identify these snakes, understand their behavior, and learn how to appreciate their role in the ecosystem.
What are some common non-poisonous snakes in Missouri?
Missouri is home to a variety of non-venomous snakes, each with unique characteristics. Some of the most frequently encountered include:
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Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis): Easily recognized by their three longitudinal stripes (two dorsal and one ventral), these snakes are incredibly common throughout Missouri. They're typically slender and vary in color, from olive green to brown or even black.
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Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon): Often mistaken for venomous cottonmouths, northern water snakes are robust and have dark crossbands on a brown or grayish body. They are semi-aquatic and frequently found near water sources. Their keeled scales (scales with a raised ridge) are a distinguishing feature.
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Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): While more commonly associated with the southern United States, corn snakes can be found in the southern regions of Missouri. They are known for their beautiful, patterned scales and docile temperament. They are often kept as pets.
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Black Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus): These powerful snakes are excellent climbers and often found in trees and barns. As their name suggests, they are mostly black, although younger snakes may have some pattern. They are important for rodent control.
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Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum): Often confused with venomous copperheads, milk snakes have distinctive saddle-like markings. These markings are usually red, black, and yellow (or orange), arranged in a pattern that helps differentiate them from copperheads.
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Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis): These delicate snakes are bright green and found in grasslands and meadows. They are small and secretive, making sightings less frequent.
How can I tell the difference between a venomous and non-venomous snake in Missouri?
Identifying venomous snakes from non-venomous ones requires careful observation and knowledge of their physical characteristics. While there are exceptions, some general guidelines can help:
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Pupil shape: Venomous snakes (copperheads, cottonmouths, rattlesnakes) typically have elliptical pupils, resembling cat eyes. Non-venomous snakes generally have round pupils.
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Head shape: Venomous snakes often have triangular or arrow-shaped heads due to their venom glands. Non-venomous snakes usually have more rounded heads.
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Heat-sensing pits: Pit vipers (copperheads, cottonmouths, rattlesnakes) possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils, which are not present in non-venomous snakes.
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Tail: Rattlesnakes have a distinctive rattle at the end of their tail.
Important Note: Relying solely on these characteristics can be misleading. If you are unsure about a snake's identity, it's best to err on the side of caution and maintain a safe distance.
Are there any poisonous snakes in Missouri?
Yes, Missouri is home to several venomous snakes, including copperheads, cottonmouths (water moccasins), and timber rattlesnakes. These snakes should be avoided, and if bitten, seek immediate medical attention. This guide focuses on the non-poisonous snakes of Missouri.
What should I do if I see a snake in Missouri?
Most snakes in Missouri are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. If you encounter a snake, observe it from a safe distance and appreciate its presence in the ecosystem. Avoid handling it, and if it's in a location where it could pose a risk (e.g., near your home or children's play area), gently guide it away using a long stick or broom.
What is the role of non-venomous snakes in the Missouri ecosystem?
Non-venomous snakes play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. They are important predators of rodents, insects, and other small animals, helping to control populations and prevent imbalances. Their presence contributes to a healthy and thriving environment.
How can I learn more about Missouri snakes?
Several resources can provide more detailed information about Missouri snakes, including field guides, online databases, and local nature centers. Consult reliable sources to enhance your knowledge and appreciation of these fascinating creatures.
This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding Missouri's non-poisonous snakes. Remember, responsible observation and respect for wildlife are key to peaceful coexistence.
