Missouri boasts a diverse reptile population, including a variety of non-venomous snakes. Identifying these snakes is crucial for ensuring safe interactions and appreciating the ecological role they play. This guide will explore common non-poisonous snakes found in Missouri, addressing frequently asked questions to help you confidently distinguish them from venomous species.
What are the most common non-venomous snakes in Missouri?
Missouri is home to many non-venomous snakes, each with unique characteristics. Some of the most frequently encountered include:
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Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): This is arguably Missouri's most common snake. They are easily identified by their three distinct longitudinal stripes—a central dorsal stripe and a lateral stripe on each side. These stripes can vary in color, but are usually yellowish, greenish, or brownish. They are slender and relatively small.
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Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon): These semi-aquatic snakes are often mistaken for venomous cottonmouths, but lack the distinct heat-sensing pits between the eyes and nostrils that cottonmouths possess. They have dark crossbands on a brown, gray, or black background and are often found near water.
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Racer (Coluber constrictor): Racers are long, slender snakes that are typically dark gray, brown, or black. They are fast-moving and often found in open fields and meadows. While they can be intimidating due to their size and speed, they are completely harmless to humans.
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Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): While less common in the northern parts of Missouri, corn snakes are found in the southern regions. They're known for their beautiful patterns and are popular as pets. They are generally reddish-brown with darker blotches.
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Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis): These snakes, as their name suggests, are bright green and are found in grassy areas. They are small and slender.
How can I tell the difference between a venomous and non-venomous snake in Missouri?
Distinguishing venomous from non-venomous snakes requires careful observation. While several characteristics can be helpful, it's crucial to remember that no single characteristic is definitive. Relying on just one feature can lead to misidentification. The best approach is to consider a combination of factors:
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Pupil Shape: Venomous snakes (like copperheads, cottonmouths, and rattlesnakes) typically have elliptical or vertical pupils, while non-venomous snakes usually have round pupils. However, some exceptions exist.
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Head Shape: Venomous snakes often have triangular heads, while non-venomous snakes tend to have more rounded or oval heads. Again, this is not foolproof.
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Heat-Sensing Pits: Venomous pit vipers (copperheads, cottonmouths, and rattlesnakes) have heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils. Non-venomous snakes lack these pits.
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Presence of Rattles: Rattlesnakes are easily identified by their rattles.
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Body Pattern: While patterns can vary within species, certain patterns are more common in venomous snakes (e.g., hourglass markings on copperheads). However, relying solely on pattern can be misleading.
If you are unsure about a snake's identity, it is always best to err on the side of caution and treat it as potentially venomous. Maintain a safe distance and avoid handling.
What should I do if I encounter a snake in Missouri?
If you encounter a snake in Missouri, the best course of action is to observe it from a safe distance and leave it undisturbed. Most snakes are beneficial to the ecosystem and pose no threat to humans if left alone. Avoid attempting to handle or capture the snake.
If you are concerned about a snake near your home or in a potentially dangerous location, contact your local animal control or wildlife removal service.
Are there any poisonous snakes in Missouri?
Yes, Missouri has venomous snakes. The most common are copperheads, cottonmouths (water moccasins), and several species of rattlesnakes. Knowing how to identify these venomous snakes is crucial for safety.
Which non-venomous snake is most commonly mistaken for a venomous snake in Missouri?
The Northern Water Snake is frequently mistaken for the venomous cottonmouth. The key differences lie in the absence of heat-sensing pits and subtle differences in head shape and pupil shape. However, as mentioned previously, relying on visual identification alone can be dangerous.
Where can I find more information on Missouri snakes?
For further information on Missouri snakes, you can consult resources from the Missouri Department of Conservation or reputable herpetological websites and field guides. These resources often provide detailed descriptions, images, and range maps.
This guide provides a starting point for identifying non-poisonous snakes in Missouri. Remember, responsible observation and a cautious approach are crucial when encountering any snake.
