Tennessee boasts a diverse reptile population, and while venomous snakes like copperheads and rattlesnakes rightfully garner attention, the state is also home to a fascinating array of non-poisonous snakes. Understanding these harmless reptiles is crucial for responsible coexistence and appreciating Tennessee's rich biodiversity. This guide will explore the common non-venomous snakes found in the state, their identifying features, and behaviors.
What are some common non-poisonous snakes in Tennessee?
Tennessee's non-venomous snake population is extensive, including various species with unique characteristics. Some of the most frequently encountered include:
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Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis): Easily recognizable by their three distinct longitudinal stripes (two dorsolateral stripes on a darker background and a central stripe), these snakes are highly adaptable and found across diverse habitats. They are slender and relatively small, typically reaching lengths of 2-3 feet.
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Black Racer (Coluber constrictor priapus): As their name suggests, these snakes are swift and agile, primarily jet black in color. They are often mistaken for venomous snakes due to their size and speed, but they are completely harmless to humans. They are known for their diurnal activity and preference for open areas.
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Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): While variations exist, corn snakes are typically characterized by their reddish-brown or tan bodies with dark blotches. They are popular as pets due to their docile nature and beautiful patterns. In the wild, they are excellent climbers and often found near rocky areas or trees.
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Rat Snake (Pantherophis spp.): Tennessee hosts several rat snake subspecies, including the Eastern Ratsnake and the Gray Ratsnake. These snakes are large, often reaching lengths of 4-6 feet, and are known for their excellent climbing abilities. They are beneficial to humans as they control rodent populations. Their coloration varies greatly depending on the subspecies.
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DeKay's Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi): These small, slender snakes are typically a uniform brown or grayish-brown color. They are often overlooked due to their size and cryptic coloration. They prefer damp environments and feed primarily on earthworms and slugs.
How can I tell if a snake is poisonous or not?
Identifying poisonous versus non-poisonous snakes requires careful observation and caution. Never attempt to handle a snake unless you are certain of its identity and possess the necessary expertise. However, some general characteristics can be helpful in distinguishing venomous from non-venomous species in Tennessee:
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Pupil Shape: Pit vipers (copperheads, rattlesnakes, cottonmouths) have elliptical pupils, while non-venomous snakes typically have round pupils.
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Head Shape: Pit vipers often have triangular-shaped heads, distinctly broader than their necks. Non-venomous snakes usually have more slender, elongated heads.
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Heat-Sensing Pits: Pit vipers possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils, enabling them to detect warm-blooded prey.
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Presence of Rattles or other prominent warning features: Rattlesnakes are easily identified by their rattles, while copperheads often display a distinctive hourglass pattern on their backs.
What should I do if I encounter a snake in Tennessee?
The best course of action when encountering a snake is to observe it from a safe distance and avoid any interaction. Give the snake space to move away naturally. If you are concerned about a snake's presence near your home, contact a wildlife removal professional. Never attempt to capture or kill a snake yourself, as this can be dangerous and illegal in some instances.
Are there any other non-poisonous snakes I might find?
Yes, several other non-venomous snake species inhabit Tennessee, including various kinds of watersnakes, ribbon snakes, and hognose snakes. Each has its own unique appearance and behavior patterns, contributing to Tennessee’s incredible biodiversity. Further research using reliable field guides specific to the Tennessee region will help in identifying these less common species.
What is the best way to identify a snake in Tennessee?
Accurate snake identification requires careful observation and using reliable resources. Consulting field guides specific to Tennessee's herpetofauna, utilizing online databases with images and descriptions, and, when possible, seeking guidance from experienced herpetologists are all highly recommended methods. Avoid relying solely on online images, as variations in coloration and pattern can make accurate identification challenging.
Remember, responsible appreciation of Tennessee's snake population involves respecting their role in the ecosystem and prioritizing safe observation practices. If you're unsure about a snake's identity, err on the side of caution and keep a safe distance.
