Oklahoma boasts a diverse reptile population, and a significant portion of that population consists of non-venomous snakes. Understanding which snakes are harmless is crucial for both safety and appreciating the natural beauty of the state's ecosystem. This guide will explore the common non-venomous snakes found in Oklahoma, helping you identify them and coexist peacefully.
What are the most common non-venomous snakes in Oklahoma?
Oklahoma is home to a variety of non-venomous snakes, each with unique characteristics. Some of the most frequently encountered include:
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Eastern Ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis): These large, powerful snakes are often mistaken for venomous species due to their size. They are typically gray or brown with darker blotches. They're excellent climbers and are often found near human settlements, searching for rodents.
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Great Plains Ratsnake (Pantherophis emoryi): Similar in size to the Eastern Ratsnake, but with a more varied coloration, ranging from tan to brown with dark markings. These snakes are strong constrictors, subduing their prey by squeezing.
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Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): These beautiful snakes are popular in the pet trade due to their striking patterns and relatively docile nature. In the wild, their coloration varies, but they generally have a reddish-brown body with darker blotches.
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Coachwhip Snake (Masticophis flagellum): Known for their slender bodies and whip-like movements, these snakes are fast and agile. They are typically a light brown or tan color.
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Black Racer (Coluber constrictor): As their name suggests, these snakes are predominantly black or dark brown. They are known for their speed and are often seen fleeing from perceived threats.
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Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus): Easily identified by their upturned snout, these snakes are masters of deception. They often feign death when threatened, rolling onto their backs and playing dead.
Are there any non-venomous snakes that mimic venomous ones?
Yes, some non-venomous snakes in Oklahoma exhibit mimicry, visually resembling venomous species. This is a form of Batesian mimicry, where a harmless species benefits from resembling a harmful one. While this can be confusing, understanding the key differences will help you distinguish them. For instance, some non-venomous snakes might have similar coloration to copperheads or cottonmouths, but careful observation of their characteristics (head shape, pupil shape, behavior) can help in accurate identification.
How can I tell the difference between a venomous and non-venomous snake in Oklahoma?
Identifying venomous from non-venomous snakes requires careful observation. Key differentiators often include:
- Pupil Shape: Venomous snakes usually have elliptical or cat-like pupils, while non-venomous snakes typically have round pupils.
- Head Shape: Venomous snakes often have triangular-shaped heads, while non-venomous snakes tend to have more rounded or oval heads. However, this is not a foolproof method.
- Heat-Sensing Pits: Pit vipers (e.g., copperheads, rattlesnakes) possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. Non-venomous snakes lack these pits.
- Defensive Behavior: Venomous snakes generally avoid confrontation, while some non-venomous snakes might bluff or hiss.
What should I do if I encounter a snake in Oklahoma?
If you encounter a snake in Oklahoma, the best course of action is to observe it from a safe distance and avoid any interaction. Most snakes are not aggressive and will only bite if they feel threatened. Give the snake space to move away naturally. If you are unsure of its identification, err on the side of caution and avoid close contact.
Which non-venomous snakes are good for pets?
While many non-venomous snakes are fascinating creatures, corn snakes and some ratsnakes are popular choices as pets. However, owning a snake requires considerable responsibility, including providing proper housing, diet, and veterinary care. Research thoroughly before acquiring any reptile as a pet.
This guide provides a foundational overview of non-venomous snakes in Oklahoma. Remember, responsible observation and a healthy respect for wildlife are crucial for safe and enjoyable coexistence. If you have concerns about a particular snake, contacting a local herpetologist or wildlife expert is always recommended.
