Missouri boasts a diverse reptile population, and a significant portion of its snake species are entirely harmless to humans. Understanding these non-venomous snakes is crucial for responsible coexistence and dispelling common fears. This guide will explore the common non-venomous snakes found in the Show-Me State, their identifying characteristics, habitats, and behaviors. We'll also address some frequently asked questions about these fascinating creatures.
Identifying Non-Venomous Snakes in Missouri
Identifying snakes can be challenging, even for experienced herpetologists. However, focusing on key characteristics can help distinguish non-venomous from venomous species. Remember, if you're ever unsure, it's always best to err on the side of caution and maintain a safe distance.
Here are some general characteristics of Missouri's non-venomous snakes:
- Round pupils: Unlike venomous snakes with elliptical pupils, non-venomous snakes typically have round pupils.
- Smooth scales: While not always a definitive indicator, many non-venomous snakes have smooth scales, whereas some venomous snakes have keeled (ridged) scales.
- Lack of heat-sensing pits: Venomous pit vipers possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. Non-venomous snakes lack this feature.
- Body shape and size: Non-venomous snakes exhibit a wide range of body shapes and sizes, providing another clue for identification.
Common Non-Venomous Snakes of Missouri
Missouri is home to a variety of non-venomous snakes, including:
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Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis): Easily recognized by their three longitudinal stripes (one along the back and one on each side) on a dark brown or olive background. They are common throughout the state and frequent waterways.
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Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon): Often confused with venomous cottonmouths, northern water snakes have keeled scales and a more variable pattern of brown, black, and reddish blotches. They're found near water sources.
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Racer (Coluber constrictor): These sleek, fast snakes are typically dark brown or black and lack any distinctive markings. Racers are excellent climbers and are often found in wooded areas.
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Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): While not as common in Missouri as other species, corn snakes can be found in some areas of the state. They are known for their beautiful patterns and docile nature.
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Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis): This slender, bright green snake is a smaller species found in grasslands and meadows.
What are the most common snakes in Missouri?
Missouri's snake population is diverse. While the exact ranking varies depending on location and time of year, some of the most commonly encountered snakes include the Eastern Garter Snake, Northern Water Snake, and various species of rat snakes. However, the abundance of any particular species can fluctuate significantly.
What kind of snakes are in Missouri?
Missouri is home to both venomous and non-venomous snakes. Venomous species include copperheads, cottonmouths (water moccasins), and timber rattlesnakes. Non-venomous species are far more numerous and include various types of rat snakes, garter snakes, water snakes, and others listed above. It's important to learn to distinguish between them.
Are there any poisonous snakes in Missouri?
The term "poisonous" usually refers to animals that inflict harm through a toxin delivered via a bite or sting, whereas "venomous" usually refers to snakes that inject venom. Missouri has venomous snakes, including the copperhead, cottonmouth, and timber rattlesnake. These snakes inject venom through fangs, which can cause pain, swelling, and in severe cases, medical complications.
How can I tell if a snake is venomous or not?
While there are some general guidelines, accurately identifying venomous snakes requires experience and caution. Key features to look for include: elliptical pupils, keeled scales (though not always present on venomous snakes), heat-sensing pits (present in pit vipers), and the overall body shape and pattern. If you’re unsure, treat all snakes as potentially venomous and avoid contact.
What should I do if I see a snake in Missouri?
If you encounter a snake in Missouri, the best course of action is to observe it from a safe distance. Do not attempt to handle or approach it. If it's a venomous snake, contact animal control or a wildlife removal service if necessary. For non-venomous snakes, simply appreciate their presence from afar and allow them to continue their natural behavior.
This guide provides a general overview of non-venomous snakes in Missouri. Remember that responsible interaction with wildlife requires respect, caution, and a commitment to learning and understanding. If you are bitten by a snake, seek immediate medical attention.
