Oklahoma boasts a diverse reptile population, including a variety of non-venomous snakes. Understanding these snakes is crucial for responsible coexistence and appreciating Oklahoma's rich biodiversity. This guide will explore the common non-venomous snakes found in the state, addressing frequently asked questions to help you identify and interact safely with these fascinating creatures.
What are some common non-venomous snakes in Oklahoma?
Oklahoma is home to many non-venomous snake species. Some of the most common include:
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Eastern Ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis): These large, powerful snakes are often mistaken for venomous copperheads due to their pattern. However, they possess smooth scales and a generally more slender build. They are excellent climbers and frequently found near buildings. Their diet consists primarily of rodents.
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Great Plains Ratsnake (Pantherophis emoryi): Similar in size and behavior to the Eastern Ratsnake, the Great Plains Ratsnake is typically found in more western parts of the state. They also have a penchant for rodents.
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Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): Known for their beautiful patterns and docile temperament, Corn Snakes are popular pets. In the wild, they are relatively small and prefer to live in grasslands and rocky areas. They primarily feed on rodents and occasionally lizards.
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Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus): This unique snake is easily identified by its upturned snout. They are masters of deception, often feigning death when threatened. They feed mainly on toads and frogs.
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DeKay's Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi): This small, slender snake is often overlooked. It prefers moist habitats and feeds on earthworms and insects.
How can I tell the difference between venomous and non-venomous snakes in Oklahoma?
Differentiating between venomous and non-venomous snakes requires careful observation and a cautious approach. Never attempt to handle any snake you cannot confidently identify. Here are some key features to consider:
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Pupil Shape: Venomous snakes (like copperheads and rattlesnakes) typically have elliptical or cat-like pupils, while non-venomous snakes usually have round pupils.
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Head Shape: Venomous snakes often have triangular-shaped heads, while non-venomous snakes usually have more rounded heads. However, this is not always a reliable indicator.
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Scales: Look closely at the scales. Some venomous snakes have keeled scales (scales with a ridge running down the center), while some non-venomous snakes have smooth scales. Again, this is not foolproof.
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Presence of Heat-Sensing Pits: Pit vipers (like copperheads and rattlesnakes) have heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. Non-venomous snakes lack these pits.
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Tail: Rattlesnakes possess a rattle at the end of their tail, although young rattlesnakes may have a button instead of a full rattle.
What should I do if I encounter a non-venomous snake in Oklahoma?
Most non-venomous snakes are harmless and will flee if given the opportunity. The best course of action is to observe them from a safe distance and allow them to move on. Avoid attempting to handle the snake, as even non-venomous snakes can bite if they feel threatened. Respect their space and give them plenty of room.
Are there any dangerous non-venomous snakes in Oklahoma?
While Oklahoma's non-venomous snakes are generally not dangerous to humans, bites can occur if they feel threatened. These bites may cause minor pain, swelling, and some discomfort but won’t result in serious envenomation. Proper hygiene is always important after any snake bite.
How can I protect myself from snake bites in Oklahoma?
Prevention is key when it comes to snake bites. Here are some practical tips:
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Wear appropriate footwear: Wear sturdy boots or shoes when hiking or working in areas where snakes are prevalent.
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Be cautious when reaching into dark places: Use a stick or other tool to check crevices and other dark areas before reaching in.
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Keep your yard clean: Remove brush piles, woodpiles, and other debris that could provide shelter for snakes.
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Be aware of your surroundings: Pay attention to where you are stepping and reaching when outdoors.
Understanding the different species of non-venomous snakes in Oklahoma and practicing safe behavior around them is crucial for both human safety and the preservation of wildlife. Remember, snakes play a vital role in our ecosystem, and responsible coexistence is paramount.
