Missouri is home to a fascinating array of wildlife, and among its slithering inhabitants are several species of rat snakes. These non-venomous constrictors play a vital role in the state's ecosystem, controlling rodent populations and contributing to a healthy balance of nature. This guide will delve into the world of Missouri rat snakes, exploring their identification, habitat, behavior, and more.
What Types of Rat Snakes Live in Missouri?
Missouri boasts two primary rat snake species: the Eastern Rat Snake ( Pantherophis alleghaniensis) and the Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi). While both are non-venomous and beneficial to the environment, they differ slightly in appearance and geographic distribution. The Eastern Rat Snake is more commonly found in the eastern and central parts of the state, while the Great Plains Rat Snake is more prevalent in the western regions. Distinguishing between the two can sometimes be challenging, even for experienced herpetologists.
How to Tell the Difference Between Eastern and Great Plains Rat Snakes?
This is a frequently asked question, and the subtle differences can be difficult to spot. Generally, the Great Plains Rat Snake tends to be a bit lighter in color, often with a more pronounced pattern of blotches or saddles. Eastern Rat Snakes are frequently darker, with a more uniform coloration and less distinct patterns. However, individual variation exists within both species, making definitive identification from a photograph alone sometimes impossible. Close examination of scale counts and other physical characteristics may be necessary for accurate species identification.
Are Rat Snakes Dangerous to Humans?
No, rat snakes in Missouri are not dangerous to humans. They are non-venomous constrictors, meaning they subdue their prey by wrapping around it and constricting until it suffocates. While a large rat snake might give a startling surprise if encountered unexpectedly, they are generally docile and will avoid human contact whenever possible. They pose no threat unless deliberately provoked or handled roughly.
What do Rat Snakes Eat?
As their name suggests, these snakes are opportunistic predators with a diet primarily consisting of rodents. This makes them incredibly beneficial to farmers and homeowners, as they help keep rodent populations under control. In addition to rats and mice, they also consume other small mammals, birds, eggs, and occasionally reptiles. Their appetite for rodents makes them valuable assets in natural pest control.
Where Do Rat Snakes Live in Missouri?
Rat snakes exhibit a remarkable adaptability, inhabiting a variety of habitats across Missouri. They are frequently found in:
- Wooded areas: They favor areas with dense vegetation, providing cover and hunting grounds.
- Fields and grasslands: These open areas offer opportunities for hunting small mammals.
- Near water sources: Proximity to water provides a crucial resource, especially during hot and dry periods.
- Around human dwellings: This is often due to the abundance of rodents attracted to human activity. This close proximity can sometimes lead to conflicts, however, resulting in snakes being seen in barns, sheds and attics.
How Can I Identify a Rat Snake in My Yard?
Identifying a rat snake in your yard often relies on careful observation. Look for a relatively large snake, typically 3-6 feet long, with smooth scales and a pattern that can vary from dark brown to reddish-brown, or even lighter gray or tan. If you are unsure, it's best to observe the snake from a safe distance and avoid any interaction.
What Should I Do If I Encounter a Rat Snake?
If you encounter a rat snake, the best course of action is to leave it alone. Give the snake plenty of space and allow it to move on naturally. Do not attempt to handle it, even if it appears docile. Remember, a startled snake may defend itself, though this defense is generally not dangerous to humans. If you are concerned about a snake's presence near your home, contacting a wildlife removal professional is always a safe and effective option.
This comprehensive guide provides a detailed overview of rat snakes found in Missouri. Understanding their behavior, habitat, and the important role they play in the ecosystem can foster respect and coexistence between humans and these beneficial reptiles. Remember, these magnificent creatures deserve our respect and protection.
