Western Pennsylvania, with its diverse landscape encompassing forests, fields, and waterways, provides a habitat for a variety of snake species. Understanding which snakes call this region home, and how to interact with them safely, is crucial for both residents and visitors. This guide explores the common snakes of Western PA, addressing frequently asked questions and offering valuable insights into their behavior and importance within the ecosystem.
What types of snakes are found in Western Pennsylvania?
Western Pennsylvania is home to a number of non-venomous snake species, and only one venomous snake:
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Northern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokeson): This is the only venomous snake found in Western PA. They are pit vipers, meaning they possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. Copperheads are typically light brown to pinkish-tan with darker brown hourglass-shaped markings along their backs. They are shy and secretive, preferring rocky areas, wooded slopes, and fields. While venomous, bites are relatively uncommon and rarely fatal with prompt medical attention.
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Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis): This is one of the most common snakes in the region. Garter snakes are long and slender with three longitudinal stripes (two dark stripes along the sides and one light stripe down the center). They vary in color from olive green to brown and black. They are non-venomous and primarily feed on earthworms, amphibians, and small fish.
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Eastern Ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis): Often mistaken for venomous snakes due to their size, eastern ratsnakes are non-venomous constrictors. They are large, robust snakes that can reach over 6 feet in length. Their color varies from gray to brown, sometimes with darker blotches. They are excellent climbers and often found in trees and near human dwellings.
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DeKay's Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi): This small, slender snake is usually less than 12 inches long and uniformly dark brown or gray-brown. It's a shy, secretive species often found under rocks, logs, and leaf litter. They are non-venomous and feed primarily on insects and earthworms.
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Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis): These snakes are bright green and extremely slender. They are found in grassy meadows and other open areas. They are non-venomous and feed primarily on insects.
Are there any poisonous snakes in Western PA?
Yes, the Northern Copperhead is the only venomous snake species found in Western Pennsylvania. While their venom can be medically significant, copperhead bites are rarely fatal if treated promptly. However, it's crucial to avoid handling any snake, especially those you cannot positively identify.
What should I do if I see a snake?
The best course of action when encountering a snake is to observe it from a safe distance and leave it alone. Most snakes are more afraid of humans than humans are of them and will try to avoid contact. Do not attempt to handle the snake, even if it appears non-venomous. If you believe you have encountered a venomous snake, contact a local wildlife control specialist or animal control.
How can I prevent snakes from entering my home?
Snakes are often attracted to areas with plentiful food sources, such as rodents and insects. To minimize the chances of snakes entering your home:
- Seal cracks and holes: Check the foundation, walls, and roof for any openings that snakes could use to enter.
- Keep grass short: High grass provides cover for snakes and their prey.
- Remove debris and clutter: Clear away woodpiles, rocks, and other items that snakes might use for shelter.
- Store food properly: Keep pet food and garbage in sealed containers.
What is the best way to identify a snake in Western PA?
Positive snake identification often requires careful observation and sometimes, professional assistance. Take clear photographs if you can safely do so (from a distance) and consult field guides specific to Pennsylvania, or contact a herpetologist or local wildlife expert. Online resources can be helpful, but careful verification is crucial, as misidentification can lead to unnecessary fear or harm.
Are snakes beneficial to the ecosystem?
Yes, snakes play a vital role in controlling rodent and insect populations, maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. They are an important part of the food chain, contributing to the overall health of the environment.
This comprehensive guide aims to provide a clearer understanding of the snakes inhabiting Western Pennsylvania. Remember, responsible coexistence is key. By respecting their habitat and avoiding unnecessary interaction, we can ensure the safety of both ourselves and these fascinating creatures.
