Tennessee, with its diverse geography ranging from mountains to lowlands, boasts a surprisingly rich population of snake species. Understanding which snakes are native to the state, and how to identify them, is crucial for both safety and appreciating the biodiversity of the region. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of Tennessee's native snakes, addressing common questions and misconceptions.
What are the most common snakes found in Tennessee?
Several snake species are frequently encountered across Tennessee. These include the Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis), a common and relatively harmless species often found near water; the Northern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor constrictor), a fast-moving, non-venomous snake easily identified by its sleek, black body; and the Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus), known for its beautiful, patterned skin and docile nature. It's important to note that even common snakes should be observed from a safe distance.
Are there venomous snakes in Tennessee?
Yes, Tennessee is home to several venomous snakes, requiring caution and awareness. The most common venomous snakes include:
- Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix): Known for their distinctive copper-colored heads and hourglass-shaped markings on their bodies. They are ambush predators, often found in wooded areas.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): Easily identified by their large size, dark brown or grayish bodies, and characteristic rattle at the end of their tails. They prefer rocky areas and forested habitats.
- Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus): Also known as water moccasins, these snakes are found near water sources and have a distinctive dark, almost black, body with a lighter band along the jaw. They are aggressive when threatened.
- Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius): A smaller rattlesnake with a lighter color pattern than the Timber Rattlesnake, this species is found in a variety of habitats.
How can I identify venomous snakes in Tennessee?
Identifying venomous snakes requires careful observation and knowledge. Key features to look for include:
- Triangular head: Venomous snakes often have a distinctly triangular-shaped head, wider than their neck.
- Heat-sensing pits: Some venomous snakes possess heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils.
- Rattles: Rattlesnakes are easily identifiable by the rattle at the end of their tail, though young rattlesnakes may have a poorly developed rattle or none at all.
- Pupil shape: Venomous snakes often have elliptical pupils, whereas non-venomous snakes typically have round pupils.
However, relying solely on these features can be unreliable. If you are unsure whether a snake is venomous, it is always best to assume it is and maintain a safe distance.
What should I do if I encounter a snake in Tennessee?
Encountering a snake can be unsettling, but most snakes are harmless and will try to avoid humans. The best course of action is:
- Remain calm and observe the snake from a safe distance.
- Do not attempt to handle the snake.
- Slowly back away and give the snake plenty of space.
- If you are bitten by a snake, seek immediate medical attention.
What is the difference between a copperhead and a cottonmouth?
While both are venomous, copperheads and cottonmouths differ in several ways. Copperheads generally have hourglass-shaped markings on their bodies and are typically found in drier, upland habitats. Cottonmouths, on the other hand, have dark, almost black bodies with a lighter band along the jaw and are strongly associated with aquatic environments. Cottonmouths are also generally more aggressive when threatened.
Which snakes in Tennessee are constrictors?
Tennessee is home to several non-venomous constrictors, which subdue their prey by squeezing them. The Black Rat Snake (Pantherophis spiloides) is a common example, known for its size and ability to climb trees. Other constrictors include various species of rat snakes and the Corn Snake.
Where can I learn more about Tennessee snakes?
Local herpetological societies, universities with biology departments, and the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) are excellent resources for obtaining further information about Tennessee's native snake species. Consulting field guides specific to the region can also be incredibly beneficial for accurate identification.
This comprehensive guide provides a starting point for understanding the diverse world of snakes native to Tennessee. Remember, respectful observation and a cautious approach are crucial when encountering these fascinating creatures. Further research and resources will enhance your understanding and appreciation of Tennessee’s herpetofauna.
