Western Pennsylvania, with its diverse landscapes ranging from forests and fields to rivers and mountains, provides habitat for a variety of snake species. While some may evoke fear, understanding these creatures is crucial for appreciating their ecological role and ensuring safe coexistence. This guide explores the common snakes found in the region, addressing frequently asked questions about their identification, behavior, and potential dangers.
What types of snakes live in Western Pennsylvania?
Western Pennsylvania is home to a relatively small number of snake species compared to more southern states. The most commonly encountered snakes include:
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Northern Black Racer ( Coluber constrictor constrictor): A fast, agile snake, usually black or dark brown, reaching lengths of up to 5 feet. They are diurnal (active during the day) and primarily feed on rodents and other small animals. They are non-venomous.
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Eastern Garter Snake ( Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis): This is one of the most common snakes in the region, highly variable in color but often exhibiting three longitudinal stripes. They are typically smaller than racers, reaching lengths of about 2-3 feet. They are non-venomous and eat earthworms, slugs, and other small invertebrates.
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Eastern Milk Snake ( Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum): These snakes are known for their distinctive pattern of reddish-brown saddles on a lighter background. They are often mistaken for copperheads, but they are completely harmless and non-venomous. They are primarily nocturnal and feed on rodents and other small animals.
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Northern Copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix mokeson): This is the only venomous snake commonly found in Western PA. They are identifiable by their hourglass-shaped markings on a copper-colored body. Copperheads are ambush predators, preferring to stay hidden and strike when threatened. They are generally shy and reclusive but can deliver a painful bite if disturbed. Seeking medical attention after a copperhead bite is crucial.
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Massasauga Rattlesnake ( Sistrurus catenatus): Although rare and endangered, the Massasauga rattlesnake does have a small presence in some wetlands of Western Pennsylvania. They are easily identified by their rattles and are venomous. Encountering one is unlikely, but maintaining a safe distance is always advisable.
Are there poisonous snakes in Western PA?
Yes, the Northern Copperhead and the Massasauga Rattlesnake are the venomous snakes found in Western Pennsylvania. However, it's important to remember that these snakes are generally shy and avoid human contact. Most snakebites occur when people try to handle or kill a snake.
How can I identify snakes in Western PA?
Reliable identification requires careful observation of several features, including:
- Color and Pattern: Note the overall color, presence of stripes, spots, or bands, and the arrangement of these markings.
- Scale Pattern: While requiring close examination, the arrangement of scales can be a crucial identifying feature. Field guides often provide detailed illustrations and descriptions of scale patterns.
- Body Shape and Size: The length, thickness, and overall body shape can provide valuable clues.
- Head Shape: The shape of the head (round, triangular, etc.) can be particularly helpful in distinguishing venomous from non-venomous species.
What should I do if I see a snake in Western PA?
Most snakes found in Western Pennsylvania are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. The best course of action is to observe the snake from a safe distance and allow it to continue on its way. Avoid attempting to handle or kill it. If you encounter a venomous snake, back away slowly and contact animal control or a wildlife professional if necessary.
What is the best way to prevent snake bites in Western PA?
The best way to prevent snakebites is to avoid situations that could lead to encounters. This includes:
- Wearing protective clothing: Long pants and boots can offer protection if you are working in areas where snakes might be present.
- Using caution when handling debris or firewood: Snakes may seek shelter in these places.
- Being aware of your surroundings: Pay attention to where you place your hands and feet, especially in tall grass or brush.
- Never try to handle a snake: Even seemingly harmless snakes can bite if they feel threatened.
Where are snakes most commonly found in Western PA?
Snakes in Western PA are most commonly found in habitats that provide shelter and access to prey. These include:
- Wooded areas: Forests provide shade, cover, and plenty of small animals for snakes to eat.
- Fields and meadows: These areas offer open spaces for hunting and basking in the sun.
- Near water sources: Snakes often rely on water sources for drinking and sometimes for hunting.
- Rocky areas: Rocks provide shelter and warmth for snakes.
This guide provides a general overview of the snakes found in Western Pennsylvania. For detailed identification, it's always recommended to consult a reputable field guide or a herpetologist. Remember, appreciating and respecting the natural world, including its snakes, contributes to a healthier ecosystem for all.
