Tennessee, with its diverse landscape ranging from mountains to forests to swamps, provides a habitat for several species of venomous snakes. Understanding these snakes, their habitats, and how to avoid encounters is crucial for safety. This comprehensive guide will delve into the venomous snakes you might find in Tennessee, addressing common questions and concerns.
What types of venomous snakes live in Tennessee?
Tennessee is home to four venomous snake species: the copperhead, cottonmouth (water moccasin), timber rattlesnake, and pygmy rattlesnake. Each has distinct characteristics, habitats, and behaviors.
Copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix)
Copperheads are arguably the most common venomous snake in Tennessee. They're identifiable by their distinctive copper-colored hourglass-shaped markings on a reddish-brown or tan background. These snakes are ambush predators, often found in rocky areas, wooded areas, and near human dwellings. They're generally not aggressive but will strike if threatened or cornered.
Cottonmouth ( Agkistrodon piscivorus)
Also known as water moccasins, cottonmouths are semi-aquatic snakes found near swamps, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. They're easily recognizable by their dark, almost black bodies and the characteristic white or pale interior of their mouths, which they display when threatened. Cottonmouths are more aggressive than copperheads and are likely to strike defensively.
Timber Rattlesnake ( Crotalus horridus)
The timber rattlesnake is the largest venomous snake in Tennessee. They possess a thick body, dark brown or black coloration, and a distinctive rattle at the end of their tail. Timber rattlesnakes prefer rocky, wooded areas and tend to be less common than copperheads. While not inherently aggressive, they are capable of inflicting a very serious bite.
Pygmy Rattlesnake ( Sistrurus miliarius)
The pygmy rattlesnake is the smallest venomous snake in Tennessee. They are typically light brown or grayish with darker brown crossbands. Their rattle is often difficult to hear and they are easily mistaken for non-venomous snakes. They prefer grasslands, fields, and rocky areas.
Are there any other venomous snakes in Tennessee besides the big four?
No, there are no other venomous snakes native to Tennessee besides the copperhead, cottonmouth, timber rattlesnake, and pygmy rattlesnake. While other venomous species might occasionally be found outside their natural range due to accidental transport or escapes from captivity, they are not established populations within the state.
How can I identify a venomous snake in Tennessee?
Identifying venomous snakes requires careful observation and caution. Key characteristics include:
- Triangular-shaped head: Venomous snakes often have a wider head than their neck.
- Heat-sensing pits: Located between the eyes and nostrils (present in pit vipers: copperheads, cottonmouths).
- Rattles: Present in rattlesnakes (timber and pygmy).
- Elliptical pupils: Unlike round pupils in many non-venomous snakes, venomous snakes often have elliptical or slit-like pupils.
- Distinct patterns: Each venomous species in Tennessee possesses unique markings.
Important Note: Never try to handle or approach a snake you suspect might be venomous. If you encounter a snake, observe it from a safe distance and leave it alone.
What should I do if I'm bitten by a venomous snake in Tennessee?
A venomous snake bite is a serious medical emergency. Follow these steps:
- Stay calm: Panic can increase your heart rate and spread venom more quickly.
- Remove any jewelry or tight clothing: Swelling can occur rapidly.
- Immobilize the affected limb: Keep it still and below the level of your heart.
- Seek immediate medical attention: Call 911 or go to the nearest hospital.
- If possible, take a picture of the snake (from a safe distance): This can help medical professionals identify the species and provide appropriate treatment. Do not attempt to catch or kill the snake.
How common are venomous snake bites in Tennessee?
While encounters with venomous snakes are possible, actual bites are relatively uncommon in Tennessee. Most bites occur due to accidental encounters when people are handling or disturbing snakes.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. If you have any questions or concerns about venomous snakes or snake bites, consult with a healthcare professional or wildlife expert.
