Maryland, with its diverse waterways, is home to several species of water snakes. Understanding these snakes, their habitats, and their role in the ecosystem is crucial for appreciating the state's rich biodiversity. This guide will explore the common water snakes found in Maryland, addressing frequently asked questions and dispelling common myths.
What types of water snakes live in Maryland?
Maryland boasts a variety of water snakes, with the Northern Water Snake ( Nerodia sipedon) being the most prevalent. Other species you might encounter include the Brown Water Snake (Nerodia taxispilota) and, less commonly, the Eastern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus). Identifying these snakes accurately requires careful observation of their patterns, colors, and overall body shape. While all are non-venomous, they possess a defensive bite that can be unpleasant.
How can I identify a water snake in Maryland?
Identifying a water snake requires a keen eye for detail. The Northern Water Snake, for example, is often dark brown or black with darker crossbands. These bands can be somewhat irregular and may fade with age. The Brown Water Snake, as its name suggests, tends to be more uniformly brown, with subtle darker markings. The Eastern Ribbon Snake is much more slender and displays distinctive, bright stripes along its body. Remember, reliable identification often requires more than just a quick glance. Referencing field guides or consulting with herpetologists can be very helpful.
What is the difference between a water snake and a cottonmouth?
This is a crucial distinction! While both are aquatic snakes, cottonmouths ( Agkistrodon piscivorus) are venomous. Cottonmouths possess a thick body, a distinctly dark, often black, mouth interior (hence the name), and a triangular head shape. Water snakes, on the other hand, are generally slenderer, with a more oval head, and a lighter mouth. If you are unsure about identifying a snake, it's always best to assume it's venomous and maintain a safe distance.
Are water snakes dangerous?
Water snakes in Maryland are non-venomous. However, they will bite if threatened or handled roughly. Their bite is not medically significant, but it can be painful and may cause minor swelling. The best approach is to admire them from a distance and avoid handling them.
Where do water snakes live in Maryland?
Water snakes inhabit a wide range of aquatic habitats throughout Maryland. They are frequently found near ponds, lakes, rivers, marshes, and even slow-moving streams. They are highly adaptable and can tolerate a variety of water conditions.
What do water snakes eat?
Water snakes are opportunistic predators with a diet primarily consisting of fish, frogs, tadpoles, and other aquatic creatures. They are important components of their ecosystems, helping to control populations of these prey animals.
What should I do if I see a water snake in Maryland?
Observe the snake from a safe distance. Do not attempt to handle it or approach it. If the snake is in a location where it poses a potential danger (e.g., near a playground), contact your local animal control or wildlife agency for assistance. They are equipped to handle the situation safely and responsibly.
How can I prevent water snakes from entering my property?
Water snakes are naturally drawn to water sources. To discourage them from entering your property, eliminate standing water, maintain a well-trimmed lawn, and secure any gaps or openings around your house's foundation. Removing potential food sources such as rodents can also be helpful.
By understanding the characteristics and behaviors of water snakes in Maryland, we can appreciate their vital role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem while also ensuring our own safety. Remember, responsible observation and respect for wildlife are key to coexisting peacefully.
